MAVEN 2020

Articles

Burning Mouth Syndrom

Abstract:

Despite its high prevalence burning mouth syndrome remains an enigma for dental profes- sionals due to lack of definite diagnostic criteria and management protocols; which is the reason for probable understated incidence. This article layouts the understanding of etiol- ogy, pathogenesis and further reviews the proposed diagnostic criterions, management pro- tocols and differential diagnosis of Burning Mouth Syndrome.

Drug Considerations in Dental Clinic for Patients with Benign Prostatic Enlargement

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Abstract:

Benign prostatic enlargement (BPE) is an extremely common condition among males across the globe. Half of the people suffering from this condition will have lower urinary tract symp- toms (LUTS). Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is the histopathological abnormality seen underneath this condition. Drugs that dentists prescribe in clinics especially NSAIDs can have severe side effects in such patients. This article discusses such drugs and their effects in patients with benign prostatic enlargement.

A Review on Management of Biomedical Waste - Today’s Necessity

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Abstract:

Biomedical waste is any kind of waste either solid or liquid containing harmful materials generated by healthcare facilities. Management of these biomedical wastes involves activities such as segregation, collection, storage, transportation, treatment and its disposal. It requires commitment at all levels from healthcare employees to sanitation workers because improper management of biomedical waste causes direct health hazard to the society, the health care workers and the environment. Biomedical waste disposal rules need to be taught among qualified health personnel, hospital administrators of private and governmental institutes, other auxiliaries of hospitals and colleges and various health workers of the society. Health care policy makers need to increase the level of training and education of personnel working in health care units regarding effective waste management. An attempt has been made through this article to create awareness among the personnel involved in health care services, so that they strictly abide by the biomedical waste management rules and regulations specified by concerned governing bodies.

Interaction between Antibiotics and Oral Contraceptives: A Review for Dental Practices

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Abstract:

Clinical situations sometimes require systemic antibiotic therapy. Millions of women choose oral contraceptives for birth control, there is a potential for interaction between these drugs and oral contraceptives. Until recently, dentists have been advised to warn women taking the combined oral contraceptive pill of the routine need to use additional contraceptive measures. Recent guid-ance relating to this issue has changed and dentists may not be aware of this. This paper reminds dentists of the previous guidelines and related evidence on the pharmacokinetics of hormonal contraception.

Impact of Maxillary Canine Impactions- A Review

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Abstract:

Impacted canines are a frequent finding among patients during routine examinations. Early recognition, interception and appropriate referral by the practitioner are essential. This ar- ticle reviews its impact on diagnosis and clinical management in an orthodontic and surgi- cal aspect.

Nutritional Aspect for Geriatric Prosthodontic Patients

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Abstract:

Perfect health is a prize that has been the goal of mankind throughout all ages. Nutrition provides substrates essential for expression of genetic heritage. Nutrition might influence the occurrence and severity of degenerative diseases that are associated with aging. Nutri- tional problems may result from changes associated with aging process itself, from disease or other medical conditions, from interactions with medications, or from all of these. Rela- tionship between nutrition and geriatric changes is a vicious cycle which is interrelated with each other. This article summarizes the nutritional aspects and the changes in diet associ- ated with aging.

A Review on Current Trends in Forensic Odontology

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Abstract:

Forensic Odontology, a branch of Forensic sciences, uses the competence of the dentist in personal identification during mass calamities, sexual assault and child abuse where con- ventional methods such as finger prints are not available. The importance of forensic odon- tology in the judiciary is fast growing and hence in depth knowledge in this field seems more than justified.

Comparison of Different Skeletal Class II Correctors: A Review

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Abstract:

The fixed or removable orthodontic appliances mostly use intrinsic or stored force to move teeth. The force is exerted by the appliance and is dissipated against the teeth and supporting structures. The functional appliances reposition or screen off the aberrant muscle components of the mandi- ble. Despite their relatively long history, there continues to be a debate about their mode of action and effectiveness. The skeletal class II corrector evolved from the various modification of the orig- inal activator. These types of appliances fall in the category, where in the reposition of the mandible is downward and forward, activating the attached and associated muscle. The resultant force cre- ated is transmitted not only to the teeth but also to other structures of maxilla and mandible. Functional appliances have been broadly divided into two categories removable and fixed func- tional appliances. Fixed functional appliances are advised for non-compliant patients and patients nearing growth completion.

Management of Complicated Crown Fracture Using Fixed Sectional Orthodontic Extrusion Technique - A Case Report

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Abstract:

Complicated crown fractures are one of the common situations encountered in the dental practice. It can often be challenging to the clinicians to deal such cases. The complexity of the cases will depend on the complexity of the injury, classification of the fractured tooth and aesthetic demand of the patient. The purpose of this article is to describe a case of complicated crown fracture which was managed successfully through segmental fixed or- thodontic extrusion technique and its outcome is highlighted with consideration in this method of management.

Oral Proliferative Verrucous Leukoplakia: A Case Report

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Abstract:

Oral Proliferative Verrucous Leukoplakia (OPVL) is a rarely occurring malignant lesion of oral mucosa. At times it is difficult to diagnose and differentiate from verrucous carcinoma and leukoplakic patches but it is clinically more aggressive than these lesions. This case report deals with a case of OPVL with its detailed clinical and histopathological features along with the surgical procedure for treatment.

Molar Incisor Hypomineralisation and its ManagementA Case Report

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Abstract:

Esthetics is an important factor in a patient’s decision to undergo endodontic treatment. Intrinsic discolorations are due to the presence of chromogenic material within enamel or dentin, incorporated either during odontogenesis or after tooth eruption. Intrinsic colors are determined by optical properties of enamel and dentin and their interaction with light. If incorporated into the dentin, they become visible because of the translucency of the enamel. The following case report is on intrinsic stain and its management.

Bilateral Transposition of Canine-Premolar: A Case Report

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Abstract:

Maxillary canine and 1st premolar transposition is a developmental disturbance of tooth sequence characterized by interchange of positions of maxillary canine and 1st premolar. Early diagnosis and interception of transposition can simplify the ortho- dontic treatment. This is a case report of the management of a developing maxillary canine and 1st premolar transposition by Nonextraction therapy. Natural tooth se- quence was attained and symmetric and functional Class I molar relation was achieved.

MAVEN 2019

Articles Volume3 Issue1

Smooth Surface Screw Implants: Rational use in Basal and Cortical Implantology

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Abstract:

The majority of implant systems available in the market are philosophically based on the supply of size and shape of alveolar bone and are known as ‘crestal implants’. The deficiency of alveolar bone, if any, is corrected by time consuming procedures utilizing expensive graft materials and barrier membranes. The results of such operations are not always predicta- ble. The patients do not want these adjuvant surgical procedures with additional expenses. They even want to have fixed teeth as early as possible, even immediately. The need for some alternative implant philosophy was always on. The ‘Strategic Implantology’ offers ba- sal and cortical implants which can fulfil such desires of the patients, even with diabetes and with a habit of smoking.

Long Span Fixed Partial Denture - A Review

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Abstract:

Prosthetic rehabilitation of a long span partially edentulous ridge is a challenging job. A systematic and rational approach is required to treat this situation. Most of the cases patients with long span partially edentulous arches desire fixed prosthesis over a removable one. But complex biomechanics, condition of remaining abutment teeth make it difficult to fabricate a fixed prosthesis. This article discusses about the indications, advantages, limi- tations of a long span fixed partial denture so that whenever we plan for this kind of prosthesis it should have a long term prognosis without failure.

Re-Implantation of Avulsed Tooth

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Abstract:

Management of tooth avulsion of the permanent one is often a challenging task as it involves serious injury to dental and supportive tissues and it mostly occurs in maxillary incisors. The most common complications after avulsions are necrosis of the pulp and root resorp- tion. Treatment of avulsed tooth is often complex, time consuming and expensive and re- quires multidisciplinary approaches. Successful treatment outcome of such an injury is dependent on the survival of the viable periodontal ligament cells attached to the tooth root surface. The viability of the periodontal ligament cells is best preserved either when the tooth is immediately replanted into its socket or if it is stored in an appropriate storage /transport medium till a time, the tooth can be replanted into its socket.

Maryland Bridge: A Case Report

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Abstract:

Missing teeth at a young age are often a challenge to replace. Until a mature stage is reached, definitive replacement has to be delayed. Adhesive bridges are a practical option in such cases that act as interim restoration for short to long time periods till definitive replacement can be done. These case reports demonstrate such situations.

Reattachment of Crown Fragment in Anterior-Fractured Tooth: An Esthetic Approach

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Abstract:

The immediate fragment reattachment is a very conservative treatment. It allows the resto- ration of the original dental anatomy thus rehabilitating function and aesthetics in a short time by preserving dental tissues. A fracture reattachment posse is challenging conservative and economically viable procedure within the compass of a single visit.

Surgical Management of Inflammatory Periapical Lesion with MTA: Two Case Reports

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Abstract:

Root fractures are defined as fractures involving the dentine, cementum and pulp. They comprise 0.5 to 7% of the injuries affecting the permanent dentition and commonly occur between the age group of 11 to 20 years. Root fractures can be classified as Horizontal and Vertical. Different types of retrograde root end filling materials are available for the horizon- tal root fracture in the apical third region. Among those filling materials, MTA is the best root-end filling material. This material is almost non-resorbable and nontoxic, having bac- teriostatic properties to heal and offers a good apical seal. Histological examination showed the stimulation of cementum and hard tissue formation with minimal inflammatory re- sponse after using this hydrophilic material MTA. Here we report two cases of horizontal root fracture managed with MTA.

Nasopalatine Duct Cyst: A Case Report

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Abstract:

Nasopalatine duct cysts are the commonest occurring non-odontogenic and non-neoplastic cyst of the oral cavity. These develop from the epithelial remnants of nasopalatine duct. It is often misinterpreted as radicular cyst. This case report deals with a case of Nasopalatine duct cyst in a 31 year old male patient along with radiological and histopathological reports.

Clinical Management of Horizontal Mid-Root Fracture In Maxillary Lateral Incisor – A Case Report

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The treatment of traumatic dental injuries is an important aspect of clinical dentistry. Root fracture is a type of traumatic dental injury and is defined as fracture involving cementum, dentin and pulp. The diagnosis of root fracture is determined by clinical and radiographic examination. Horizontal root fractures occur primarily in the anterior portion of the mouth, especially in the maxilla and are often caused by physical trauma to the face. In this article, we present a case of horizontal root fracture management of maxillary lateral incisor.

MAVEN 2018

Articles Volume2 Issue1

COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF EFFECTIVENESS OF 3% SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE, 17% ETHYLENEDIAMINE- TETRA-ACETIC ACID (EDTA) AND VORICONA- ZOLE ON CANDIDA ALBICANS IN ROOT CANAL TREATMENT – AN IN VITRO STUDY

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Abstract:

Candida albicans is one of the most resistant pathogens found in root canals with necrotic pulp and in recurrent root canal failure cases. Removal of this resistant microorganism from the root canal poses a special challenge by routine instrumentation and conventional irrigation methods.

MANAGMENT OF EXTRA ROOT IN MANDIBULAR MOLARS: A CASE SERIES

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Abstract:

Success of endodontic treatment depends on the proper identification of all the canals thor- ough chemomechanical preparation followed by three dimensional obturation with her- metic seal. Failure of any of these steps may occur due to unusual tooth morphology. Usu- ally mandibular molars have two roots with three canals (mesiobucccal, mesiolingual & distal) but in few teeth, the number of roots and canals vary. The variation in the number of roots is called radix entomolaris. This article presents three case reports of mandibular first molars with extra roots. Also mentioned are the modifications in the canal preparation, problems encountered during the treatment, common iatrogenic errors which occur during the treatment and factors which affect the prognosis.

MANAGEMENT OF FRACTURED TEETH WITH FIBERREINFORCED COMPOSITE SPLINT

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Abstract:

Injuries to the dentoalveolar complex are fairly common and can be caused by a number of reasons. There are many techniques for repositioning and stabilizing traumatically luxated or avulsed teeth. Many of the splinting techniques previously advocated were time-consum- ing. Not only were the splints difficult to fabricate and difficult to remove, they also contrib- uted to injury of the soft and hard supporting tissues. Ribbond is basically a reinforced ribbon which is made from ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene fiber having an ultra- high modulus. It is used in dentistry for various purposes. The use of Ribbond appears to be an adequate and easy method for stabilization and fixation. It can be used in the treat- ment of dental injuries. In this article, the use of Ribbond for the treatment of dental injuries is described.

MANAGEMENT OF CROWN FRACTURE WITH RIBBOND FIBER: A CASE REPORT

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Abstract:

Traumatized anterior teeth need quick esthetic and functional repair. Esthetic requirements of anterior teeth require the use of composite materials which, in the most complex cases, can be used in association with fibers so as to improve their mechanical resistance. Differ- ent types of fibers are available. The authors considered parameters such as physical prop- erties, water absorption, ease of cutting and of laying. Polyethylene fibers appear to have the best properties in elasticity, translucency, adaptability and tenaciousness, resistance to traction and to impact. In the case of a simple crown fracture, the missing part was restored by polyethylene fibers and composite resins. The authors recommend this tech- nique for predictable restoration of traumatized anterior teeth.

UNSUAL CASES OF UNILATERAL TRANSMIGRATION OF IMPACTED MANDIBULAR CANINE

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Abstract:

Failure of eruption of the mandibular canine is unusual. Transmigration of a mandibular canine across the midline is a rare condition with obscure etiology. The mandibular perma- nent canine is the only tooth in the dental arch reported to migrate across the midline, but it usually remains within the same side of the arch. The treatment of transmigrated man- dibular canine demands clinical expertise. Whether the tooth is symptomatic or not the treatment options vary according to the needs of the individual.

DIVINE PALPATION EVALUATING TISSUE STRESS

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Abstract:

Ultrasound elastography is a non-invasive method to assess the elasticity of soft tissues in response to applied force. This technique works on the principle of strain and shear wave imaging. Abnormal tissue deforms to a lesser extent than normal tissue after compression. Images can be obtained by measuring the amount of tissue distortion under an applied stress. Though it has limited sensitivity and specificity, it can reconstruct tissue elasticity over conventional sonography as well as is valuable in detecting disease process by produc- ing high contrast image. Sonographic elastography is used as a therapeutic tool to explore the causes of muscle pain, understanding of the state of a tissue area and to evaluate treat- ment outcomes.

ERGONOMICS FOR A BETTER DENTAL PRACTICE

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Abstract:

Dentists are at high risk for musculoskeletal disorders due to the nature of their work. A healthy dentist is one of the most important components in a successful dental practice. However, one out of ten dentists report of having poor general health and three out of ten dentists report of having poor physical condition. These lead to having musculoskeletal pain, which finally debilitate the practitioner to an extent of premature retirement from clinical practice. The aim of this article is to make Dental practitioners aware about work related Musculoskeletal Disorders (WMSDs) and how to combat them.

OZONE IN DENTISTRY

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Ozone (O3), also known as triatomic oxygen, is a naturally occurring compound consisting of three oxygen atoms. Ground level ozone is an air pollutant with harmful effects on the respiratory system; in the upper layers of the atmosphere it filters the potentially damaging UV light from reaching the earth’s surface. In the era of antibiotic resistance, we need a naturally occurring substance like ozone to treat infection without any toxicity. The versa- tility of ozone therapy, its unique properties, noninvasive nature, are responsible for its wide spread use in the various fields of dentistry. The purpose of this article is to understand its mechanism of action and specific uses in the practice of dentistry.

ETHICS IN DENTISTRY: A REVIEW

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Abstract:

This article sheds light on a professional code of ethics to guide the responsible behavior of its members. In dentistry, many Principles of Ethics and Code of Professional conduct have been developed by the Dental Councils to express the obligations and duties of dentists towards patients, their colleagues and society as a whole. In spite of the set codes of ethics, the dentists face the dilemmas in fulfilling their duties and obligations. Hence they tend to flout all norms and guidelines due to which the entire profession may suffer.

PRIONS IN DENTISTRY- A MATTER OF CONCERN IN DENTISTRY

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Prion diseases are a group of rare fatal neuro-degenerative disorders of humans and ani- mals that are histopathologically characterised by spongioform change of the central nerv- ous system. These diseases include Creutzefeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), Gerstmann- Straussler- Scheinker disease (GSS), Fatal Familial Insomnia (FFI), kuru and variant CJD (vCJD) in humans. Their central feature is post-translational conversion of host–encoded, cellular prion protein (PrPc), to an abnormal pathogenic isoform, designated (PrPSc). The aim of this article is to provide the dental community with a brief overview of the characteristics, risk of transmission and the infection-control implications of prions in dentistry.

MAVEN 2018

Articles Volume2 Issue2

Influence of Cavity Disinfectant on Biological Seal Obtained

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Abstract:

Background – The aim of this study is to assess the effect of chlorhexidine based cavity disinfectant on bond strength and adaptability of teeth restored with bulkfill composite ver- sus ACTIVA bioactive restorative material. Methodology- Total of sixty freshly extracted human mandibular molars were taken. Class I cavities were prepared with 4mm in depth and divided into four groups and restored as follows- GROUP I A - Filtek bulkfill with chlorhexidine (CHX), GROUP II A - Filtek bulkfill without chlorhexidine (CHX), GROUP III B - ACTIVA with chlorhexidine (CHX), GROUP IV B - ACTIVA without chlorhexidine (CHX). All the samples were sectioned bucco-lingually, tested for immediate bond strength under universal testing machine and under scanning electron microscope (SEM) for gap formation at tooth restoration junction. The data was statistically analyzed using One way ANOVA. Results- ACTIVA with chlorhexidine shows less gap formation and maximum immediate bond strength as compared to all the groups, whereas, bulkfill without chlorhexidine shows acceptable adaptation but lowest value of immediate bond strength. Conclusion- All bulkfill composites are clinically acceptable but a new bioactive material i.e. ACTIVA gives comparably better results.

Plexiform Ameloblastoma : A Case Report and a Brief Review

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Abstract:

Ameloblastoma is a true neoplasm of enamel organ type tissue which does not undergo differentiation to the point of enamel formation. It appears most commonly in the third to fifth decades with equal sex predilection. Multicystic ameloblastoma is the most frequent subtype while unicystic ameloblastoma can be considered as a variant of the solid or mul- ticystic. Ameloblastoma is usually benign in growth pattern but frequently invade locally and occasionally metastasize. Recurrence frequently appears after inadequate treatment. Here we present a case of plexiform ameloblastoma in a 30 year old female patient who presented with a swelling on the left side of mandible.

Veneers – An Anterior Esthetic Rehabilitation

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Abstract:

Porcelain laminate veneers are one of the most conservative and esthetic restoration that can be used for enhancing esthetics. As dentists, it is required of us to develop the skill sets for providing esthetically pleasing results without compromising the biological and func- tional principles of natural dentition. The use of porcelain laminates veneers to solve aes- thetic and/or functional problems has been shown to be a valid management option espe- cially in the anterior aesthetic zone. The current porcelain veneers are esthetically superior, conservative and durable treatment modality. Present Case report discusses a patient hav- ing discolouration of the teeth in maxillary arch in the anterior region and treated for problem. The patient was very satisfied with the result and had no complaints during follow-up.

A Case of Oral Vassiculobullous Lesion – Systematic Approach Towards Diagnosis

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Abstract:

Vesiculobullous lesions are type of mucocutaneous disease that is characterized by for- mation of vesicles and bullae or blisters. The etiopathogenesis of these diseases are differ- ent, varies from infective to autoimmune. Some of the vasicullobullous lesions are life- threatening, if they are not diagnosed and treated at time. Often oral lesions appear first, before appearance of the skin lesions. In the present case a 54 years old patient was suf- fering from pan-oral vesicle formation followed by rapid rupture and formation of painful ulceration with difficulty to eat or drink for almost six months.

Pituitary Dwarfism: A Case Report

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Abstract:

Hypopituitarism describes combined deficiency of any of the anterior pituitary hormones. The clinical features vary and are based upon the underlying hormonal deficiency. Growth hormone deficiency is the prime cause of dwarfism due to pituitary insufficiency. The pa- tient has a short stature, limited intelligence, truncal obesity and certain orofacial manifes- tations like retained deciduous teeth, delayed eruption. This article reports a case of pitui- tary dwarfism in a female patient of 18 years and discusses its clinical findings.

Post and Core Restoration of Endodontically Treated Teeth - A Case Series

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Abstract:

A tooth becomes structurally and mechanically weak after endodontic treatment due to loss of moisture and dentinal structure during mechano-chemical preparation of the tooth. So following endodontic therapy a tooth need to be restored for replacement of the lost tooth structure and protection of the remaining structure. When sufficient coronal tooth struc- ture is unavailable a post is necessary to be placed inside the root canal anchored to a core to provide retention for the crown. A post should provide maximum protection of the root from fracture and maximum retention of the core and crown. It should also protect the crown margins from deformation under function. This case series represents use of post and core restorations in various clinical situations.

Post and Core Restoration of Endodontically Treated Teeth - A Case Series

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Dentifrice: An Aid to Tooth Brushing

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Dentifrice is an essential item in day to day oral hygiene practice. It is used, in general, with a tooth brush once or twice a day. There is a vast range of dentifrices for the various pur- poses .These are for cleaning of the teeth by providing the abrasives in it, strengthening of the tooth surface through applying fluoride, providing different medicaments on the tooth surface for dentinal hypersensitivity, preventing tartar deposition with pyrophosphate, whitening of the teeth by incorporating proper abrasives, and bleaching of the discolored teeth through oxidizing agents. Dentists should take a note of the purpose for which the dentifrice is advised to the ailing patients.

Efficacy of Self Ligating Brackets- A Review

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Abstract:

The ligature – less bracket system or the self ligation bracket have been touted as the best in bracket systems. This article reviews the various claims of their advantages.

Role of Facial Muscles in Complete Denture Prosthesis: A Review

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We prosthodontist treat patients with complete denture prosthesis, that replaces missing teeth and maxillofacial tissues. A successful prosthesis requires balance between difeerent related factors and must fullfill the following criteria- of being in harmony with surrounding oral environment and orofacial musculature and preservation of remaining structures, re- stores masticatory efficiency; ability to perform during functions like deglutition, speech, respiration; and be aesthetically pleasing. Among these criteria maintaining harmony be- tween prosthesis and muscles and preservation of the same is of utmost importance and a challange to the dentist. Muscle action influences the fabrication of denture at every step beginning from impression making to jaw relations to teeth setting and finally successful retention, stability and comfortable wearing of denture. Similarly a properly constructed denture helps to restore the health of stomatognathic system of which muscle are a part. It helps muscle to function in its physiological limit and maintain tonicity. So in this review the role of facial muscles in complete denture prosthesis is presented here.

Bitemarks as evidence

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Teeth have often been used as weapons of offence and defense and often dentists have been called to analyze these bitemarks. These article aims to bring to light the different methods of analysis of bitemark when used as evidence in various cases.

MAVEN 2017

Articles Volume1 Issue1

A CORRELATIVE CLINICAL STUDY OF NUTRITIONAL STATUS, ORAL HYGIENE AND GINGIVAL HEALTH

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Abstract:

Introduction: Poor oral hygiene causes gingivitis and periodontitis. Compre- hensive studies of experimental gingivitis in man and natural history of peri- odontal disease in Sri Lankan labourers established the cause and effect re- lationship of poor oral hygiene and periodontal diseases. It also was observed by various studies that nutritional status affects gingival health. Objective: To examine the effects of nutritional status on gingival health among two groups of different BMI. Methods: Two groups of subjects, based on socio-economic status, consisting of one hundred dentists (group A) and one hundred patients (group B) were considered for the study. Nutritional status (denoted by BMI), Oral hygiene status (good, fair, poor) and gingival inflammation (Gingival Index, GI) of all subjects were also assessed. Results and conclusion: Significant positive correlation was found between oral hygiene and gingival health in dentists with higher BMI.

COMPARISON OF TOOTHPASTES CONTAINING TRICLOSAN AND POTASSIUM NITRATE ON PLAQUE, GINGIVITIS AND DENTINAL HYPERSENSITIVITY- AN IN VIVO CROSSOVER STUDY

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ABSTRACT: The present randomized crossover study was to test the efficacy of Triclosan with Zinc Citrate containing toothpaste (TZ) and Potassium Nitrate toothpaste (PN) on anti-plaque, anti-gingivitis and desensitizing properties. The subjects were randomly assigned to either of the two groups (TZ and PN toothpaste groups). An analysis of Plaque Index (PI), Gingival Index (GI) and Visual Ana- logue Scales (VASs) indicating Dentinal Hypersensitivity levels were carried out at baseline and after 28 days followed by a wash out period. After which, the two groups were interchanged alternatively and assessment was done in the same fashion. Statistical analysis was performed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20 (IBM, Chicago Inc., IL USA). Mann-Whit- ney U-test was applied with p<0.001 considered as significant. A substantial median change reduction in PI was observed to be 0.69 (TZ group) and 0.18 (PN group) in the Phase-I while 0.4 and 0.1 in the Phase-II period respectively. Similar superior reduction was assessed with TZ dentifrice for GI. But PN dentifrice reported higher median change reduction for hypersensitivity. Thus, it was found that the toothpaste containing 0.3% Triclosan was an ef- fective antiplaque and anti-inflammatory agent while toothpaste containing www.idahow.org Maven, 2017, Vol – 01(1) 5% Potassium Nitrate was an effective desensitizing agent.

NAM (NASOALVEOLAR MOULDING) VS NO NAM IN PATIENTS WITH UNILATERAL CLEFT LIP DEFORMITY

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Abstract:

Pre-surgical infant orthopedics has been employed since 1950 as an adjunc- tive neonatal therapy for the correction of cleft lip and palate. Most of these therapies did not address deformity of the nasal cartilage in unilateral and bilateral cleft lip and palate as well as the deficiency of the columella tissue in infants with bilateral cleft. The nasolaveolar molding (NAM) technique, a new approach to pre-surgical infant orthopaedics developed by Grayson, re- duces the severity of the initial cleft alveolar and nasal deformity. This enables the surgeon and the patient to enjoy the benefits associated with repair of a cleft deformity that is minimal in severity. Long term studies on NAM therapy indicate better lip and nasal form, reduced oronasal fistula and labial deform- ities, 60% reduction in the need for secondary alveolar bone grafting. No effect on growth of midface in sagittal and vertical plane has been recorded up to the age of 18 years. With proper training and clinical skills NAM has demon- strated tremendous benefit to the cleft patients as well as to the surgeon per- forming the repair. This paper will discuss and show results in the group of patients who opted for NAM and who did not.

MESENCHYMAL CHONDROSARCOMA OF THE MAXILLA-A RARE MALIGNANT CARTILAGENOUS TUMOR: REPORT OF TWO CASES

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Abstract:

Mesenchymal chondrosarcomas (MC) are rare malignant neoplasms that can arise from both soft and hard tissues. They are distinct tumors arising in unicentric or multicentric locations. They reveal unusual clinical behavior, characteristic histopathological features and poor prognosis with late recur- rences. Here is a report of two cases of 25 and 17 year old males with MCs affecting the maxilla. The importance of thorough evaluation and follow-up of the patient is emphasized.

NEURILEMMOMA OF THE HARD PALATE: HISTOLOGICAL AND IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL EVALUATION

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Neurilemmoma, also known as schwannoma is a rare, benign, slow growing neural tumor derived from schwann cells. They are usually seen in the head and neck region but are very rare in the oral cavity with the prevalence of around 1%. Intra-orally, tongue is the most preferred site but occurrence on the palate is a rare presentation. Usually they are not among the list of clinical differential diagnosis and are diagnosed by histological examination of the tissue specimen. We report a rare case of 18 years old female patient com- plaining of a painless growing mass on hard palate which was excised and the final diagnosis was established based on histopathological and immunohisto- chemical examination.

ORAL LICHENOID REACTIONS: A CASE REPORT AND REVIEW OF LITERATURE

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Oral Lichenoid Reactions (OLR) are clinical and histological contemporaries of Oral Lichen Planus (OLP) often identical in manifestations. The benchmark of differentiation between the two groups is the association of the former with known inciting factors, which when identified and eliminated, often cause a regression of the lesion. This may not always be so and the differentiation then becomes more difficult. A detailed history helps in delineating the lichen- oid reaction from lichen planus. The article intends to provide a case report on lichenoid reaction and provides a review into the clinical, histological fea- tures and the malignant potential of lichenoid reactions.

ABERRANT MUCOBUCCAL FOLD: A CASE REPORT

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Abstract:

Mucobuccal fold is a normal anatomical structure in the oral cavity which attaches lip, cheek and tongue to the alveolar mucosa and gingiva. In oral cavity there are three maxillary frenii and five mandibular frenii. But the aberrations or abnormal in these mucobuccal fold at times may cause prob- lem to gingival and periodontal health either due to interference in plaque control or due to muscle pull. In addition to this, an abnormal attachment can cause aesthetic and functional problem such as in case of localised gin- gival recession, loss of vestibular depth. Therefore management of these abberant structures is important. The present case report discusses the man- agement of an aberrant mucobuccal fold.

RIGA FEDE DISEASE- A CASE REPORT

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Riga Fede disease is a reactive mucosal disease as a result of repetitive trauma to the tongue by the anterior primary teeth during forward and backward movement. The nature of the lesion is relatively benign. The history and clin- ical features are most often so typical that there is seldom a need for addi- tional histopathological examination. Riga Fede disease can most often be treated with conservative measures only. Here we present a case of a 1- month-old infant with a natal tooth and an ulcerated lesion on the ventral surface of the tongue, leading to the clinical diagnosis of Riga- Fede Disease.

SOCKET WHETHER TO PRESERVE IT NOW OR TO CREATE LATER? - A CASE REPORT

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Abstract:

This case report described the clinico-radiographic efficacy of demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft (DFDBA) in preserving extraction sockets. Extrac- tion socket was measured clinically by both horizontally and vertically, imme- diately following atraumatic extraction and in radiographic evaluation, IOPA radiograph was taken for vertical measurement of the socket. After proper evaluation, the socket was filled with DFDBA bone graft and covered with a free mucosal graft obtained from the patient’s palate. Clinically, there was a significantly less decrease in relative socket depth after 6 months. Radio- graphically, the difference in socket height, residual ridge, and width (coronal, middle apical third of socket) after 3 and 6 months was lower as compared to the pre-operative measurements. The use of DFDBA with free mucosal graft as a barrier membrane was effective in socket preservation. Being non-im- mune, cost-effective, easily procurable, osseoinductive, regenerative bio- material DFDBA proves to be an insight into the future biofuel for regenera- tion.

NASOPALATINE DUCT CYST – REPORT OF TWO CASES ALONG WITH REVIEW OF LITERATURE

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The incisive canal cyst or nasopalatine duct cyst (NPDC) is a developmental, nonneoplastic cyst, most common of the non-odontogenic cyst of jaw bones. The nasopalatine duct cyst is fissural cyst. Clinically, incisive canal cyst is usually asymptomatic and is noted as an incidental finding upon examina- tion. Large cysts can be responsible for a variety of symptoms including swell- ing and pain. Radiographically, the lesion is well demarcated, usually with some decortication of the borders, located in or near the maxillary midline. The cyst may be round, ovoid, pear shaped or heart shaped. Enucleation of the cyst is generally the treatment of choice. Here two interesting case of na- sopalatine duct cyst along with review has been presented.

PROSTHODONTIC REHABILITATION OF COMPLETELY EDENTULOUS PATIENT WITH PARTIAL GLOSSECTOMY– A CASE REPORT

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Oral carcinomas accounts for about 40% of all carcinomas prevalent amongst the human beings. Those involving the tongue results in mild to severe defi- ciencies of phonation, deglutition, mastication and taste depending upon the degree and extent of tissues involved. Rehabilitation of such patients pose a challenge for the clinician and involves a careful observation and evaluation of the residual oral function. This article presents a case report of prostho- dontic rehabilitation completely edentulous patient, who underwent partial glossectomy following surgical resection of the squamous cell carcinoma in- volving left lateral border of the tongue. An attempt was made to restore the comfort, speech and function of the patient with additional assistance through speech therapy and simple oral exercises.

PERIODONTAL MEDICINE

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Periodontal Medicine deals with a two way relationship in which periodontal disease in an individual may be an influence on an individual’s systemic health and /or the role of systemic disease on influencing an individual’s Per- iodontal health. Systemic disorders like endocrine disorders and hormonal changes, hematologic disorders and immune deficiencies, Vitamin Deficiency, Protein Deficiency, Hypophosphatasia, Congenital Heart Disease, Metal Intox- ication etc influence periodontal health. Here is an attempt is being made to enumerate the interrelationship.

AN INSIGHT TO THE BIOLOGICAL ASPECT OF ORAL MELANOCYTES – A BRIEF REVIEW

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The presence of the melanocytes in the oral mucosa is a well-established fact, but the physiology of the melanin initiation to the formation is not well un- derstood. The role of melanocytes in formation of melanin acts as a multitask- ing molecule from stress sensing to stress bearers to UV rays and reactive oxygen species and it plays a pivotal role in tissue homeostasis. The pathways of melanogenesis is a broad aspect of research and is still focused on. This paper will put a light on the biological aspects of melanin pigmentation in- cluding biophysiology, its role and brief advances in this area.

POTENT UTILITY OF DENTAL CONE-BEAM COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY IN ROUTINE EXTRACTIONS DUE TO ITS DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY OVER CONVENTIONAL RADIOGRAPHS – A REVIEW

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Since ages conventional radiography was the worldwide standard for diagno- sis and treatment planning of extraction of teeth. Much help was also attained from medical computed tomography for a period of time, but with the advent of cone-beam computed tomography, dental practice entered into a paradigm shift. Efforts have been further made in this review article about areas of po- tential applications and limitations of conebeam computed tomography and the necessity to use it as a mainstream aid in the field of exodontias. The need to prefer cone beam computed tomography over conventional radiographs is because of the established fact that it is diagnostically more accurate than conventional radiographs, which have also been further focused on.

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